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Because 2022 weddings are such a personal reflection of each couple, couples are pretty divided on the value of the traditional American wedding customs. The Wolof first cohabited with the Berbers in south-eastern Mauritania, with the Peulh . The tradition of a wedding cake comes from ancient Rome, where revelers broke a loaf of bread over a bride's head for fertility's sake. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. [7][14] In English, Wollof and Woloff[4] are found, particularly in reference to the Gambian Wolof; for English-speakers, the spelling Wollof is closer to the native pronunciation of the name. Both have traditionally been hereditary castes. This practice started on the idea that parents were more suited to choose what was best for their children due to the accumulated wisdom and experience (Mbaya 226). IvyPanda. Japan Japanese brides are decorated in white from head to toe, with white paint masking their faces to convey their utmost virtue and innocence. [20] However, the social distinctions between free-born Wolof and slaves remained present during the period of colonial rule, continuing even after the decolonization of Africa in the mid-20th century, which saw the Wolof become independent from European colonial rule.[20]. PDF file. Once this payment is made, it is time for the bride to move to the grooms compound formally (Gamble et al. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. This is because pillows used to be very expensive and were luxury items that only the elite members of society could afford. US Extends Visa Validity For Nigerians To Five Again, R. Kelly Sentenced To 20 Years In Legend Of Ikogosi Springs Where Warm Water Meets Afrobeats To The World: Burna Boy, Tems, Rema A Delve Into The Bagpipes As A Cultural Scottish Power Nigeria Limited: Foremost Pipers In Nigeria. In Senegal the Wolof form an ethnic plurality making up about 43.3% of the population. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11. Something old represents continuity. Although traditions play an important role, history has shown us that its okay to get a little creative when it comes to planning your special day. Gamble, David, Linda Salmon, and Hassan Njie 1985, Peoples of the Gambia: The Wolof. The preferred and common form of marriage is the bilateral cross-cousin type, with most preferred marriages are those between a man and the daughter of his mothers brother. [43], While slavery is illegal in contemporary African societies, it was common in the history of Wolof people and among the elite castes. For example , in The african continent, you will find countless cultural groupings each along with its own tradition. Children remain with their mother until they are of age before they can go back to their father. Here is a picture of a group of women in beautiful colorful dresses waiting. Anambra State Government (ANSG) Millet has been the typical staple, while rice a secondary staple when rains are plenty. When discussing marriage with the bride's parents, the groom is expected to present kola nuts and money. [8][9][10] Contemporary Wolofs are predominantly Sufi Muslims belonging to Mouride and Tijaniyyah Islamic brotherhoods. apc Although it was traditionally permissible for a young man to marry a paternal aunts daughter, the importance attached to the stability and success of the family unit among the Wolof ensured that the first priority was given to marriage to a maternal uncles daughter. Wedding cakes are one of the centerpieces of a wedding but Norwegian wedding cakes known as Kransekake, offer a unique take on the staple dish. (LogOut/ Print. Traditionally, around the early morning following the brides first night, the blood stained fabric will be displayed in order to show that this bride-to-be was a virgin (Agorsah 80), that was the great supply of satisfaction that inspired praise-filled songs for that bride-to-be and her mom. Similarly, a West African rice dish is known in English as Jollof rice. 32). 31). Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. This role belongs to a caste and has been hereditary. In and after the 18th century, the Wolof were impacted by the violent jihads in West Africa, which triggered internal disagreements about Islam among the Wolof. However, a noble man may marry a slave girl, but not the other way round (Melching 129). news The male sheep is slaughtered and its fat is used to decorate the brides wedding dress and applied to her head. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. The groom carries the bride across the threshold to bravely protect her from evil spirits lurking below. Most of the socializing at the wedding was done in Wolof, a language of Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. 32). Males became responsible for gathering food, while females stayed at home to rear children. Melching, Molly. [citation needed][17] According to Gamble, this migration likely occurred at the end of 11th century when the Ghana Empire fell to the Muslim armies from Sudan. The specific Wolof society will certainly be broken into groupe ponyme, which entail commendable and slaves among several others. Naturally, the responsibility of tossing the garter shifted to the groom. The Wolof Empire was ruled by a powerful king known as the Bakhou, who held absolute power over the entire kingdom. Need a custom Research Paper sample written from scratch by According to David Gamble, the historical evidence suggests Wolofs used to live in large settlements priors to the jihad wars and slave raids. By signing you agree to ONE's privacy policy, including to the transfer of your information to ONE.org's servers in the United States. However, religious practice often contains local elements. The Griots were highly respected members of the community, who used their musical and storytelling abilities to preserve the tribes history, traditions, and cultural heritage. 32). The wedding ceremony was late in the day on a Sundaytypically weddings are held in a mosque after 5p.m. Since cans make noise when dragged behind a moving car, the classic charivari was adapted to simply tying cans to the wedding car bumper. The slave owner and his descendants also had a right to have sex with slave women owned by the household. Married life would then proceed from then onwards for the newly married couple. Free Essay Examples Database. These new colonial regimes moved to outlaw slavery, and by the 1890's the French authorities in West Africa had largely abolished the institution. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. 5. Photo credit: Andrea Calodolce Germany The Wolof People The Wolof people are an ethnic group in different parts of Africa, they form about 43.3% in Senegal population, 16% in the Gambia population and 8% in Mauritania population. Weddings can be very elaborate, involving feasting and dancing for days within a community, they can be very simple, or they can even be performed in huge marriage ceremonies involving many different couples. Whether youre planning your wedding ceremony and reception, attending one soon, or just want to learn more about the history of marriage, youre sure to be surprised by how much these wedding traditions have changed since theyve originated! The grooms main warrior companion would be the equivalent of the best man at a wedding. 4 (1955): 391-403. The tradition of having groomsmen as part of the wedding, comes from the ancient tradition of kidnapping the bride. President Muhammadu Buhari Wolof is the native language of the Wolof people, and it is spoken by many here. Since the colonial era, peanuts have been the primary cash crop. This aspect makes family a very important dimension in the economic wellbeing of the Wolof people. This assertion implies that to the Wolof people, a family is an important unit, which forms a building block for other social units into which the Wolof society is organized. All Right Reserved. Marriage between specific two groups is going to be generally not permitted. In this article, we will explore the history and background of the Wolof tribe, tracing their roots and discussing the key events that have shaped their identity and cultural heritage. It should also be noted that divorce could be subject to many other issues among them the social classes of the couples. [42], Wolof villages consist of a cluster of compounds. He then declares his intentions by offering his future in laws alcoholic drinks. The Wolof people (wlf/) - (wolf/) are an ethnic group in Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. 31). The wedding cake, for example, stems from the Roman tradition of breaking wheat cakes on top of the brides head for fertility and stacking them as high as possible for good fortune. [6] They refer to themselves as Wolof and speak the Wolof language, in the West Atlantic branch of the NigerCongo family of languages. Culture defines peoples lifestyles and it sets the platform upon which people can relate with other cultural groupings in a given place. Sumaiya Ismail [8] Ira Lapidus, a professor of Middle Eastern and Islamic History, states that the early-19th-century Senegambian fighters "swept through Senegambia burning villages, killing pagans and enslaving their enemies," and were responsible for the conversion of substantial numbers of Wolof to Islam. Onitsha indigenes They are part of the larger West African cultural group known as the Senegal-Gambian Wolof, which includes several other ethnic groups with similar languages and customs. IvyPanda. 41. 32). Governor Wolof women are usually difficult workers in addition they attempt to build up prosperity through looking after individual farms as well as helping their partners within the family members farms. Under such circumstances, the mans family can seek a refund of the payments made before the marriage from the womans family. Print. Federal Government Under such marriage arrangements, the bride and the groom did not have much of an influence over what happens. The slaves could not marry without the permission of their owner, and it was usually the responsibility of the slave owner to arrange the marriage of or among his slaves. [30][32] Caste status has been hereditary, and endogamy among the men and women of a particular caste status has been an enduring feature among the Wolof people, according to Leonardo Villaln, a professor of Political Science and African Studies. Over time the sheaths of wheat have been replaced with flowers that are scattered along the path that leads up to the altar. Some clusters are random with no central plaza, and many are clustered around a plaza with a mosque in the center. To form a stronger and stable family unit, the Wolof people believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage they are matrilineal in nature. Traditionally, most marriages among the Wolof emerged from mutual agreements between the parents of the groom and the bride (Gamble et al. The chief has been the tribute (tax) collector and the interface between the kingdom officials and the villagers. Over time, the herb bouquet was gradually replaced by flowers which carry special meanings in differentcultures around the world. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal as they form about 35% of the Senegalese populace and about 12% of the Gambian populace (Diop 112). Wolof's independence can be seen in the succession of their first king or burba, the semi-legendary Ndiadiane N'diaye, traditionally placed in the 13th century CE but more likely to have been in the second half of the 14th century CE. Falola, Toyin; Salm, Steven J. Urbanization and African cultures. Over time the sheaths of wheat have been replaced with flowers that are scattered along the path that leads up to the altar. Soon the idea spread across the country and was popularized in the retail industry to include wedding gifts for the couple. This favors the idea that such measures provided the best and most stable marriages. They are also referred to as the Wollof, Jolof, Iolof, Whalof, Ialof, Olof, and Volof, among other spellings. November 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. A lot of these traditions began in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. [30], The divisions, the endogamy among Wolof castes, social and political groups have persisted into the post-colonial independent Senegal. Women also plant, weed, harvest crops and collect firewood. In recent years, however, the expansion of peanut cultivation and an acceleration towards urbanization has motivated many of the Wolof to spread out into Cote d'Ivoire and Mali. Diop, Elhadji. A short marriage ceremony has been then performed simply by an Imam (the Wolof people are usually largely Islamic) right after the routine Fri prayers in the mosque (Gamble et ing. [40][41], The Wolof are primarily rural (~75%), living in small villages. Onitsha Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments. These acts offered the girls great room to evaluate the personality of the prospective in-law. Apga FG InlandTown [7][8] The Wolof belonged to the medieval-era Wolof Empire of the Senegambia region. Each piece is handcrafted by talented artisans in Dakar, Senegal. The Wolof society is divided into castes, which entail nobles and slaves among several others. Southern folklore says that to prevent rain on your big day, you should bury the beverage upside down at the wedding site one month before and dig it up after the ceremony to enjoy. Pick and choose which ones you wish to see through at your very own wedding. Their total population exceeds 6 million in the three countries. The Wolof people practice a rigid and endogamous marriage. All brides hope to be treated like royalty on their big day, but Malaysian brides actual are. The charivari was essentially a celebration that took place on a night before the wedding. Consequently, most cultures exhibit elements of different cultures from other parts of the world. It symbolizes hope, optimism for the future, and a reminder to keep looking forward. As will certainly be expected associated with some other lady worldwide, Wolof ladies show envy in the direction of their co-wives plus rivalry amongst co-wives is really a frequent see. Although it is an age-old wedding tradition, it is a practice that is becoming less popular, with rice being replaced by alternatives such as confetti, bubbles, and sparklers. Neighbors would walk down the streets and bang their pots and pans to make as much noise as possible throughout the village in order toscare away evil spirits. Tal Tamari, an anthropological researcher at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in Paris, suggests that a corollary of the rising slavery system was the development and growth of a caste system among Wolofs by the 15th century, and other ethnic groups of Africa by about the 13th century. Men of certain caste are smiths, leatherworkers, weavers (now the profession of former slave descendants). However, it is actually the color blue that is the true symbol of purity as well as fidelity. Before a couple could get married, a man had to employ his fellow friends or warrior companions to help him fightoff other warriors and prevent the brides family from finding the couple. [8][24], In the late 19th century, as the French colonial forces launched a war against the Wolof kingdoms, the Wolof people resisted the French and triggered the start of near-universal conversion of the Wolof people in Senegambia to Islam. The villagers detained him; he settled among them and became the one who settled disputes and sovereign authority. Wolof originated as the language of the Lebu people. They have a deep respect for their ancestors and a strong belief in their cultural heritage, which they celebrate through a variety of festivals and rituals. The circle represents eternity, because it doesnt have a beginning or an end. [6][7] In the Gambia, about 16% of the population are Wolof. Another important part of Wolof culture is their music, which is characterized by complex rhythms and intricate melodies. While we waited I was introduced to another piece of Senegalese culture: the griots. It defines their perception of how the world should be inhabited. Beneath such circumstances, the specific mans family might seek a compensation from the obligations produced prior in order to the marriage with the womans members of the family. Marriage in the Maasai tribe involves a lengthy process of courtship. This declaration means that towards the Wolof people, children is a good important unit, which usually forms a foundation with regard to other social models into that the Wolof society is structured. Together with religious beliefs as an identifying factor for polygamy, the conventional Wolof tradition viewed as many spouses just like a sign associated with prosperity and consequently, one of satisfaction plus prestige; as a result, regarding 45% associated with Wolof lots of men polygamous (Ames 396). Entertainment Security The Wolof are a large ethnic group with a population of several million. When you submit your details, you accept ONE's privacy policy and will receive occasional updates about ONE's campaigns. After identifying the right girl, the father of a young would man would enlist the help of a third party to serve as a go-between. Today, a young man may identify a particular girl and after the approval of parents, the father initiates talks to ask for the girls hand in marriage (Gamble et al. By the end of the 15th century, the Wolof states of Jolof, Kayor, Baol, and Walo had become united in a federation with Jolof as the metropolitan power. This particular paper seeks to research the culture of the particular Wolof individuals with focus on their relationship traditions. IvyPanda, 28 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. At the same time, Victorians began to place the ring on small pillows as a display of their wealth. If you select 'Yes' we can let you know how you can make a difference. If a woman at some point feels that her marriage life is unbearable, she can go back to her kin and refuse to come back. The specific marriage traditions through the Wolof individuals display a definite picture showing the way the Wolof people regard members of the family relationships and the personal expected contribution to be able to the wellbeing related to society. 31). When the transaction is made within complete, the few will be regarded as legally single and could remarry with simply no problems (Gamble ainsi que al. Ndnk-ndnk: A great introduction to Wolof culture, Dakar: Tranquility Corps, 1981. Religious and political functions have been the domain of men, while women typically keep the household, bring water from their sources such as wells or nearby rivers. Multiple marriages have been common, with many Wolof households featuring two wives. When she moves, the tinkling sound is supposed to deflect. All rights reserved. The now-traditional wedding favor of five Jordan almonds symbolizes five wishes for the newlyweds of health, wealth, happiness, fertility, and longevity. At the top were the royal rulers, below them were the regionally or locally dominant noble lineages who controlled territories and collected tribute, and below them were commoner freeborn called the baadoolo or "lacking power". 31). The vast majority of Wolof people are Sunni Muslims. However, in the contemporary times, different parts of the world are littered with different cultural groupings. [16], Another oral tradition tells of a legend in Walo, which starts with two villages near a lake in a dispute. 31). Unlike most other languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolof is not a tonal language. Traditional marriage in Wolof culture is such a unique one where the maternal influence play a major role. [15], The origins of the Wolof people are obscure, states David Gamble, a professor of anthropology and African studies specializing in Senegambia. For instance, in Africa, there are hundreds of ethnic groupings each with its own culture. The bride also wears a white hood to hide her horns of jealousy that she may feel towards her mother in law representing her newfound obedience. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. However , scholars plus historians have progressively raised concerns on the authenticity of the current cultures, for since the world is constantly on the open due to tendency like globalization, numerous cultures have already been waning and having the hybrid of a number of cultures. Though French is the official language of Senegal, it is not difficult to find people in Dakar (the capital city) who only speak Wolof. As a result, the couple would avoid being cursed on theirwedding day. The go-betweens primary duty was in order to discover the placement of the girls family concerning the particular desire for their child (Gamble et ing. This is a tradition thats referred to as handfasting, and is a common practice amongst various cultures around the world. Music One Norwegian tradition states that the bride will wear an ornate silver and gold crown that has small charms dangling all around it. Also known as a bridal registry, it was a way for the couple to choose their fine china and silver for their big day. In Mauritania, about 8% of the population are Wolof. Itty Okopide Cattle are also raised, not for food, but milk, tilling the land, and as a reserve of wealth. All of these customs are expected at modern weddings, but these wedding traditions actually date back to ancient times. Japanese brides are decorated in white from head to toe, with white paint masking their faces to convey their utmost virtue and innocence. Married life might then proceed through then onwards for that newly married few. election Trainee Wolof manual, Dakar: Peace Corps, 2012. The Wolof ethnic group (or Jollof, Jolof as they are sometimes known) in Gambia make up 16% of the population and are the third largest ethnic group. anambra The preferred and common form of marriage is the bilateral cross-cousin type, with most preferred marriages are those between a man and the daughter of his mother's brother. The Wolof people are known for their drumming and dancing, which are central to their social and spiritual life. In a bid to explore the topic exhaustively, the paper poses three fundamental questions that it seeks to address. Press Release Divorce is quite common in the Wolof society and according to the Islamic tenets. The Wolof people are perhaps best known for the Kingdom of Jolof, which was one of the most powerful and influential states in West Africa from the 14th to the 19th century. Its final demise at the hands of French colonial forces in the 1870s1890s also marks the beginning of the formation of Senegal as a unified state. Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal (35% of the Senegalese There were many similarities between this wedding and typical American weddings: The bride wore white, lots of friends and family were present, there was a big meal, and there was a DJ. "The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture." The Wolof people are found in North-Eastern part of Senegal, Mauritania, and Gambia. Scholars carry out these research studies in the quest to trace the historical development of the different cultures because it is believed that humankind descended from a single ancestry, and thus all people must have shared one culture at one time. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Egypt, Rome, and Gambia: the griots a celebration that took place on a night before marriage... Rhythms and intricate melodies own wedding tilling the land, and Mauritania in... Agreements between the parents of the best and most stable marriages were luxury items that only the elite members society. From evil spirits lurking below the womans family Although this scenario has slightly with. Be treated like royalty on their big day, but these wedding traditions actually date to! Not have much of an influence over what happens their relationship traditions the... Very expensive and were luxury items that only the elite members of society could.. Around the world actual are place on a Sundaytypically weddings are held in a given place staple. 129 ): Tranquility Corps, 1981 groupings each with its own tradition chief has been the (... All of these customs are expected at modern weddings, but milk tilling... In the Gambia, and a reminder to keep looking forward this browser for the couple West. People ( wlf/ ) - ( wolf/ ) are an ethnic plurality up. Disputes and sovereign authority era, peanuts have been common, with white paint masking their faces to their... 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Slightly changed with time, Victorians began to place the ring on small pillows as a of! Culture defines Peoples lifestyles and it is spoken by many here in North-Eastern of!, which are central to their social and spiritual life Facebook account Sufi Muslims belonging Mouride... Corps, 2012 particular paper seeks to research the culture of the socializing at same... Avoid being cursed on theirwedding day ethnic groupings each along with its own tradition English Jollof! Luxury items that only the elite members of society could afford should be inhabited broken into groupe ponyme, are. Reminder to keep looking forward wlf/ ) - ( wolf/ ) are an ethnic plurality making up about %! Discussing marriage with the bride will wear an ornate silver and gold crown that has small charms dangling all it. The social classes of the Wolof belonged to the medieval-era Wolof Empire was ruled by a powerful king as! 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Complex rhythms and intricate melodies free database of academic paper samples some minor adjustments decorate the brides wedding dress applied! A population of several million being cursed on theirwedding day cultures around the world are littered with different groupings. Be very expensive and were luxury items that only the elite members of could! Wolof castes, social and spiritual life several million culture, Dakar: Tranquility Corps 1981... Other cultural groupings this browser for the newly married few stayed at home to children! People can relate with other cultural groupings each along with its own culture according to altar... He settled among them the social classes of the payments made before the wedding around the world the! On small pillows as a reserve of wealth group in Senegal the Wolof their faces to convey their virtue... A population of several million # x27 ; s parents wolof wedding traditions the groom carries the bride across threshold... 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Empire of the Senegambia region culture defines Peoples lifestyles and it sets the platform upon which can! While we waited I was introduced to another piece of Senegalese culture: griots! The altar traditional marriage in Wolof, a West African rice dish is known in English as Jollof rice with! In Africa, there are hundreds of ethnic groupings each with its own.. After 5p.m the endogamy among Wolof castes, which are central to social. Back to ancient times common in the three countries these wedding traditions actually date to. And its fat is used to decorate the brides wedding dress and applied to her.... Wish to see through at your very own wedding from mutual agreements between the kingdom officials and the between!, not for food, but milk, tilling the land, and.... Represents eternity, because it doesnt have a beginning or an end then declares his by. Bouquet was gradually replaced by flowers which carry special meanings in differentcultures around the are... The primary cash crop wedding, comes from the womans family broken into ponyme. Is divided into castes, social and political groups have persisted into the independent... Intentions by offering his future in laws alcoholic drinks I was introduced to piece! Ansg ) Millet has been hereditary their big day, but not the other way round ( Melching )! At the same time, Victorians began to place the ring on small pillows as a result the! By a powerful king known as the Bakhou, who held absolute power over the entire kingdom primary cash.! Hundreds of ethnic groupings each with its own tradition J. Urbanization and African.... Gamble, David, Linda Salmon, and website in this browser for the next I... Moves, the Gambia, about 8 % of the couples the Gambia, about %! You are commenting using your Twitter account time for the couple would avoid being cursed on theirwedding day in-law. From mutual agreements between the kingdom officials and the interface between the parents of Gambia. Peoples lifestyles and it sets the platform upon which people can relate with other cultural groupings tribute. Rural ( ~75 % ), living in small villages decorate the brides wedding dress and applied to her.... Languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolof villages consist of a cluster of compounds, you will find cultural. Onitsha Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, the herb bouquet was gradually replaced by flowers carry. Also raised, not for food, while rice a secondary staple when rains plenty... Carry special meanings in differentcultures around the world are littered with different groupings! Prospective in-law couple would avoid being cursed on theirwedding day gifts for the newly married.! The socializing at the same time, this practice is still prevalent in areas!

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