cultural theories of disease causation in nigeriabrandon burlsworth death cause

We say in our culture, if there are arguments and fights there will be no peace then, it would shorten your life and laughter will be away from you. Springer Nature. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. Map of Tehuledere Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State, North-eastern Ethiopia, 2014 [15]. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Various social, cultural, and religious norms produce and reinforce gender inequality and the stereotypical gender roles that underpin gender-based violence. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Human supernatural agents, such as Sihir or Woliy, Qallicha, Abagar and Debtera, are believed by the Tehuledere people to be an embodiment of higher spirits capable of casting a spell resulting in ill health. Beliefs on the causes of birth defects as perceived by mothers of children with birth defects in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. Epub 2022 Apr 6. A world survey. 2022 Oct 14;19(20):13217. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013217. Epidemiological characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) from c Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptx, Animal Disease Control Programs in India.ppt, Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptx, Vaccines in India- Problems and solutions.pptx, Conventional and non conventional antibiotic alternatives. Another example is the initiation of men by the Abegar, a name given to male community opinion leaders who are regarded as human agents who invoke the cult as the instigator of ill-health. The culture of the Tehuledere region reflects a mix of pre-Christian indigenous beliefs, as well as Christian, Muslim and migrant Cushitic Oromo (largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia) influences. J Genet Couns. Full Text: PDF. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. This study was funded by Addis Ababa University. 2022 Apr;13(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2. Traditional health care delivery in contemporary Africa. These discoveries and a host of others at the turn of the century marked a turning point in our aetiological concepts. 1983;17(16):120511. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. Issues identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs. Notwithstanding our explanations in regards to the studys academic nature and specific objectives, some community members could have perceived the study as a government supported activity. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, other animals, and other living hosts. This study explored the indigenous beliefs of ill-health causation among those living in the Tehuledere Woreda /district/ in North East Ethiopia from a socio-cultural perspective. A qualitative ethnographic method was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda, an administrative unit in the north-east of Ethiopia [14] (see Fig. 2005;83(1):7. Predictors of indigenous healer use among Samoans. Despite its existence and continued use, indigenous medicinal knowledge as well as education, training and research in the area, have lacked official recognition and support [3]. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. Int Orthop. A. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Negative correlation is when an increase in A leads to a decrease in B or vice versa. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. We will also share examples on. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. The capital of the Woreda, Haik, is situated 430 kms away from Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. In epidemiology the accepted model of disease causation requires the precise interaction of factors, mostly natural and behavioral, and conditions before a disease will occur [21]. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. First Statement of Germ Theory. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. Terms and Conditions, Table 1 Filipino word/s depicting cultural beliefs and their English translation Full size table WHO. %%EOF Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Miasma was considered to be a poisonous vapor or mist filled with particles from decomposed matter (miasmata) that was identifiable by its foul smell. Named for the village of Nok, site of some of the finds, the ancient culture produced fine terra-cotta figurines, which were accidentally discovered by tin miners on the Jos Plateau in the 1930s. This level of familiarity would have increased the comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers. In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. Itis a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of an organism. Then we stay healthy [Female, Study Community # 4]. Oman Med J. Tap here to review the details. Almost all the focus group participants identified better food production as a contributor to health: We keep healthy when we produce enough food and have work to do. For example, Lidell and his colleagues (2005) described how Sub-Saharan peoples relationship with God takes a form of nature-spirit reverence and connection which is vital to maintaining family health [26]. Erickson fills this gap by clearly explaining the basic organizing principles that underlie all medical systems, the full range of theories of disease causation, the geographical distribution of medical practices, and the historical trends that led to biomedical dominance. 2010;20:84558. The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. This study aimed to explore the socio-cultural context of indigenous beliefs regarding ill-health among five Tehuledere communities found in the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Privacy Ethiop J Health Dev. For example, Wadaja, a communal prayer ceremony, is a common rite practiced in Tehuluedere. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Seven common Filipino cultural beliefs are presented in this paper namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. The characteristics of people who share a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage. The finding that God/Allah is held responsible, at least indirectly, for causing most illness is a very common finding among third world countries, especially those in Africa [2]. Supernatural explanations also dominated the discourse of ill-health causation in our study. Qual Health Res. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. New York: Wiley; 1978. Gordis, L. (2014). The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee in the College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, with either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) consent to participate in the study being obtained from all study participants. . 125"128. So if there is no peace at home, there will be no health [Female, Study Community # 4]. We gather as a community (in a mosque) and discuss how we make such people stop going out at those times. Research has linked social isolation and loneliness to higher risks for a variety of physical and mental conditions: high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system, anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and even death. In contrast a stable home and family was seen as an important contributor to health. The practice of epidemiology. Waddel A, Petersen AR. Google Scholar. The validity of our findings was enhanced by employing different types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (the data collected in the focus groups and the individual interviews were compared and contrasted); and investigator triangulation (multiple members of the research team both in and outside the field participated in data analysis including coding and identification of themes) [14]. Second, it offered a new biological specificity for the class of diseases that had been the most significant historically. In addition to supernatural and natural elements, the data presented here suggest that social causes of illnesses need to be added to fully explain the perceptions of the study participants. Unit 10: Causation z ti f Ci t i lCriteria for causality Association vs. Causation zDifferent models zDifferent Philosophies zHills' Criteria D A S hDr. Firstly, the organic or physical cause of the sickness has to be established by careful examination and questioning by the medicine man. infectious disease, malaria, traditional cultural views, burden of disease, gender, folk model. These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). To act in this capacity qolle must be acknowledged and shown respect through appropriate rituals such as scarification of goats, respecting the local customs and values, etc., the spirit of the qolle are good for keeping relatives safe from harm and maintain health [Male, Study Community # 3]. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Contrary to the result of this study, circulatory diseases were the leading cause of death in developed countries / high-income countries [7,8,29]. They were very similar to the focus group participants in their demographic characteristics. In these communities, illness is perceived to have supernatural (e.g., almighty God/ Allah, nature spirits, and human agents of the supernatural), natural (e.g., environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, poverty, biological and psychological factors) and societal causes (e.g., social trust, experiences of family support and harmony; and violation of social taboos). Over one-third of the population in developing countries lacks access to biomedical health care services, often relying on traditional medicine and/or self-care [1]. Epub 2021 Nov 26. Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. Correlated with personalistic etiologies are the belief that all misfortune, disease included, is explained in the same way; illness, religion, and A more interesting finding was that they also articulated how important social relationships are in maintaining good health. Google Scholar. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. MHK, TG, and HB all participated in the study design and data analysis. In total 20 individuals, with age range of 3775 years old, participated in in-depth interviews including 11 men and 9 women. GERM THEORY Germ theory: Microbes (germs) were found to be the cause for many known diseases. Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: Implications for Health Equity and Community-Based Genetic Research. A.A. 2015. Multifactorial causation of disease theory was proposed by Pettenkofer. Beattie J, Middleton J, editors. Participants in most focus groups maintained that trust in ones married partner determines ones health. Some of key informants also observed that susceptibility to certain diseases such as epilepsy, infertility and mental illness runs in certain families through generations. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Initially Neolithic (New Stone Age), the Nok culture made the transition to the Iron Age. By using this website, you agree to our Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. The French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur, the English surgeon Joseph Lister, and the German physician Robert Koch are given much of the credit for development and acceptance of the theory. A second well respected ritual spirit, articulated in all five female focus groups as a spirit for health, is Chelle. Chelle is regarded as a goddess of fecundity, whose power is associated with fertility of women, maintenance of a healthy family, and acquisition of a good harvest. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1980. Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. Focus groups and interviews continued until the data in the key emerging themes were saturated (i.e., key points were repeated and no significant new information was emerging) [16, 17]. Witchcraft beliefs in diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria . A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. After their migration from the southern part of Ethiopia, before embracing Islam as their religion, the people of the Tehuledere region continued to make use of their indigenous Cushitic beliefs and practices [7]. Altern Ther Health Med. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits seems to have been prevalent where by sicknesses, epidemic or contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged spirits. Seen as an important contributor to health, Addis Ababa University, P.O make up its and. Hygienic conditions a turning point in cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Study a particular abnormal, condition. 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