When I discovered the old religion of the Vikings in 2011, through some friends who were into paganism, I felt like Id found my people, but the idea that we are all hippies is totally wrong. Particular timings apply. The Elusive Ancient Origins of Wedding Rings, Putting a Price on Marriage: The Long-standing Custom of Dowries. I made certain they understood the ramifications and the seriousness of their vows and gave them three chances to back out. Having a wedding in a church, with the wedding party, and everything that goes along with it can be expensive. We offer this invocation to connect Angela and William to the masculine and feminine, the God and Goddess, within themselves and in each other; and within all of creation. Sharing of a 'meal' (Cakes &Ale / Bread &Wine / Cake &Wine) But it was good to know how far he would go to keep from causing her pain and how much it hurt him to do anything that might hurt her. Lorraine, an old friend of Dorian through work, then concluded the wedding by closing the ceremonial circle. Blessing pets, you want to avoid a lot of flames, which can spook them. There was often an exchange of rings or another token of affection, such as a bracelet or necklace. This was the site for my sons wedding at a National Park in Kentucky. And then leave immediately. Today, Paganism is one of the fastest spreading religions throughout the world. We are here today to celebrate with them and to share in their triumph as they proclaim their Photo by Ame Vanorio. This year and a day handfast became the engagement period we know today. They set sail and were beckoned back for the ceremony by the call of a hunting horn. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! Describe your ceremony in three words: Druid blood handfasting What is your ceremony music? Symbols such as the Mjolnir (Thors hammer) was given to the Viking brides to assist with fertility. Blood spilling is a potent force in the working of magic, and in some mythologies certain types of blood are deemed more powerful than others. Sword ceremonies were popular. News | The symbolic elements of earth, air, wind, and fire will be invited. For so many couples its the binding of the hands idea that appeals the most of all the ritual ideas. Yes, my first ever as a High Priestess. If you want to be handfast on a beach at 2am then you can. Archaeologists in Sweden have unearthed a rare Viking treasure hoard. This means if you fall out of love you can break up without a messy divorce. Other challenges may come from inside paganism and include racism or persons that tell you how pagans should worship. There are vows, and the bride may quite possibly wear white. As we all know paganism is very diverse and some studies look at paganism as a whole. The oath reflects the honest intentions of the two individuals. his name. The joining of two people in marriage or handfasting is one of those passages. Never having been, nor be. Make yours a wonderful day! Source: You Tube Screenshot, Alicia McDermott holds degrees in Anthropology, Psychology, and International Development Studies and has worked in various fields such as education, anthropology, and tourism. Add crystals and charms. Modern pagans typically express their commitment in an oath versus a vow. The next day people stayed at home with us and helped to clear up. The elements are acknowledged during the ceremony. New Insights into the Viking Great Army: Cremation Site Unveils Surprising Details, New Study Debunks the Ruthless Vikings, Helpless Monks Narrative, Harald Bluetooth Era Viking Hall Discovered in Denmark, Very Rare Viking Grave Excavated in Western Oslo, Rare Viking Treasure Hoard Unearthed In Sweden, Ten-Year-Old Finds Rare, Wooden, Viking Age Bowl in Norway. This may be part of cake and wine, pagans eat and drink at the end of ceremonies to ground themselves (to get your head out of the clouds). As they prepare to step into marriage as a sacred spiritual union we remind them that it is their higher selves and the best that they have to give, that they offer to one another. ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; For a wedding to be legal in the USA the couple must apply and pay for a wedding license. It was very telling. You are dealing with Elemental and Divine powers which you trust for answering your call for aid. Honor the Goddess Frigga Goddess of marriage, love, and childbirth. him/her/them close when theyre together. ~ 16 minute ceremony. They would have to draw each others blood to continue with the blood oath. Claire viewed the wedding as a temporary solution until she could return to her time, but Jamie took the ceremony and its accompanying oath very seriously. A physical object, such as a stone or piece of wood, was used to help transfer the wedding oaths to the spirit energies present in a sacred location. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'celebratepaganholidays_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-celebratepaganholidays_com-banner-1-0');Planning a wedding or handfasting - Create an Amazon Wedding Registry! The couple to be married joins hands and makes vows of allegiance to one another. Do You Love Yourself? It was also the most unusual wedding Ive ever been to. Commenting on the gory practice, Charlee laughed: It sounds pretty crazy, but the cuts were only small. Handfasting ceremonies are a Wiccan or pagan wedding that lasts as long as the love does. Its also possible to take ideas from a full Handfasting Ceremony structure and content, then to draw from the essence of whichever tradition if you feel most akin to for example we have woven elements of Christianity, Native American, Shamanism and Buddhism into Handfastings. A pagan wedding is a ceremony that celebrates the joining of two people. In advance you must collect the legal paperwork, the Marriage Schedule, which needs to be signed during your ceremony. Hand washing to represent purification, wheat to represent the earth, incense for air, and candles for fire. This sets up a sympathetic atmosphere in the sacred space thats aimed toward your goal from the outset. They had to be willing to do it themselves. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. _________, will you share in _________s hardships and toil, so that the two of you may grow together? To the East: [Open your arms, close your eyes, and breathe deeply.] A Pagan handfasting can be several things, depending on the couple's wishes. Celtic Wedding Blessing 04 Happy is the bride that rain falls on May your mornings bring joy and your evenings bring peace. ease him/her/them of it? It uses the hand-fasting ceremony that we listed above, but includes many different prayers and traditions for your gothi to use to bless your . Traditionally, these ceremonies were done Welcome friends, family, and loved ones - all who come in piece to witness the union of _________ and and your dreams, and to help you navigate the maze of life together as our love grows with us. If you really love your partner you will want them to find that place of forgiveness in both God and you, even if they fail you terribly. In Old English, there was an underlying implication that blessing included some sort of marking indicating consecration (often one of blood). has it that every August the fair brought the opportunity for couples to enter a years trial marriage by clasping hands and declaring their intent to be faithful to one another for a year this was known as handfasting. Pets and children probably wont sit still long enough for this element of the rite, and adults may not want to stand (or sit) while this goes on. For those who my not be familiar, a Handfasting ceremony is a little different from a traditional wedding ins.id = slotId + '-asloaded'; She said , Some of the people who came were a little skeptical about it at the start, but by the end they could all feel the energy and the love that we generated. On all accounts, we are growing in numbers. I dont think Ive felt such a strong and persistent level of Spirit present since my Third Degree Elevation. What a blessing constitutes to each person varies. smiles when she sees _________ come into the room, or when she lights up ever so slightly at the mention of The oath reflects the honest intentions of the two individuals. 1393169 views. Many pagans like to include the Trinity Knot in their ceremony. Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. The blood is then drizzled over little figures of the gods and then across the forehead. Norse Viking wedding ceremony at Puy du Fou History Theme Park. Although theres nothing to stop you making your own certificate, some companies sell handfasting certificates as well as other goodies for the ceremony, such as cords, daggers and jewellery. A blessing of the space will be performed. In many states, anyone can apply to officiate weddings. connected - and that is what weve gathered to celebrate - here in this moment - the love that (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); When it does, the main part of this working is completed. The dictionary defines blessing as asking the Divine to impart favor, grace or specific positive attributes through a religious rite. _________ and _________ share between their spirits. connection your souls now share with one another. If you're Asatru and you want to have a traditional wedding, you're in luck. You may feel warmer or slightly tingly as this happens but try just to relax and let the flow happen. A pagan wedding ceremony is called a 'handfasting', and is a vow to love, honour and respect your partner. Men and women were seen as equals and partners in the marriage. If the object is in your hands just hold it during the visualization; if its on the ground, sit close by, and keep your hands over the top with the palms down (this allows energy to go through the center of your hands, which is a very traditional means of blessing in many of the worlds spiritual traditions). So, you want to become a Norse pagan? Unlike Rune and Elisabeths romantic marriage, traditionally, Viking marriages served a more practical purpose. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. A ritual where a sword was placed on an ancestors grave was then stolen by the groom to symbolize his emergence into manhood. Elisabeth said that the wedding reception also included dancing to live music that our ancestors danced to over a millennium ago as well as singing and listening to old stories about the gods., Wodan and Frea stand out and look out of a window in the heavens. ( Public Domain ). Some consider the blood of royalty, the blood of a special line (Fraser, the Fraser Prophesy), the casters own blood (Jamie and Claire), and virgins blood (Jamie) to be most powerful. A handfasting ceremony is very flexible. The blood oath makes use of this to make a commitment that cannot be broken. Popular forms of paganism in the UK are Druidry and Wicca. The runic inscription on the stone from Helns mentions the Viking pagan priest, the "gode" Roulv (Hrulfr), who is also mentioned on other rune stones in the southern part of Funen. Dorian recalled: We were all quite tipsy by the time night fell and we almost forgot. Known for their equestrian skills and bravery in battle, they played a crucial role in expanding the empire and establishing its dominance. Among the Cherokee, initially, a blue blanket is used to symbolize past sorrow and then switched to a white blanket to show peace and fulfillment. Just as likely to erase ALL, as to create ALL. I will love you my whole life you and no other. This differs from a standard vow that may be used in other religions. Dont forget it is bad luck to toast with water. Some couples incorporate the tradition of Jumping the Besom. A blood oath means that condemnation and possibly even death are called on if one partner fails to keep the oath. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? You cannot possess mefor I belong to myself. Adapted from the Teen Book of Shadows, by Patricia Telesco. The more you personalize the process, the better your results become. Chief among these is the handbinding an important part of many Wiccan/Pagan wedding nuptials. At the following years fair the couple made the decision to remain together or part. Phone: (206) 285-1086 Fax: (916) 634-7701. container.style.maxWidth = container.style.minWidth + 'px'; We have lots of ideas to guide and inspire you, beginning with some photos and information below. In fact, it was a legal requirement for a marriage to be considered valid. Her day is Friday which is a popular day for Norse weddings. It can be a kind of trial marriage for a couple who wish to ease into married life. A link to the ancestors is the Scottish tradition of having a stone of the jury. The four elements symbolize certain concepts of our lives; sensuality, intelligence, emotion, and passion. There are many, many ancient and modern spiritual, moral and philosophical teachings available to us in our times, not necessarily all well known or famous, so to us it makes perfect sense that you might take an ancient ritual and make it uniquely yours by coupling it with wisdom or blessings from a particular spiritual path or belief which influences how you think and live your life. The more you personalize the process, the better your results become. Ceremonies were often led by a Druid priest (this could be a man or a woman). Submissions |. Breathe deeply and begin imagining a swirling white-blue light forming over your head. Begin by getting comfortable and placing the symbolic or literal item toward which blessing is going either in your hands or on the floor in front of you. Following the nuptials, the gothi surprised the 130 costumed guests by declaring it was time for the bru-hlaup (Brullaup) or "bride-running." _________, will you share in _________s pain, and seek to protect him/her/them from it and 12th, 2021 Sacred circles, handfasting unity candles, and feasting -- learn what to expect at a modern Pagan or Neopagan wedding ceremony, including marriage rites of Wicca, Druidism, and Norse inspired Heathen Vikings. The sharing of a loving cup, or wine blessing, between the couple will be witnessed. We invoke Divine Presence that as it is above, so it is below, as it is within, so it is without. Paganism is a term encompassing religions which are nature-based and are usually polytheistic (have more than one God). The visuals in Episode 107are most pleasing (ahem..), but the the significance of the Gaelic Wedding Vow should not be diminished. A Pagan wedding is more practical and can cost very little. Knowing this, _________ and _________ is it your intent to enter into this commitment to one another? But there was no question that we were going to have a Viking wedding, which would have much more of an emotional resonance than any official ceremony could do.. Latest Statistics and Studies, Norse Mythology Children's Book Reviews For Pagan Families, The Law of Attraction: How Can It Help Your Practice, Rodnovery: Animal Totems And Spirit Guides, How to Setup a Norse Pagan Altar ( Complete list of supplies needed ), Cerridwen: Celtic Goddess of the Underworld and Moon, Full Moons Throughout The Year 2023: Names and Meanings, Heng - o (Ch'ang-o): Chinese Moon Goddess, 21 Best Pagan Names For Cats (Including Meanings). You can also look forward to a toast, a well prepared couple will have non-alcoholic beverages for any non-drinkers. Her attention to the finer details and the months of preparations (inner and outer) she helped us make were invaluable on the day. Particular timings apply to your application to legally handfast and marry, and if you choose us to hold your ceremony for you we will send you a full overview of the timings and legal aspect. This holiday is still celebrated in Krakw today. We can imagine Connor and Heather MacLeod would have had a handfasting, even though we dont see their wedding take place in the film Highlander, and we can further imagine they might have said something like this Celtic wedding vow. Represent the elements with a chalice of wine, candles, flowers, or whatever you choose. Blood rituals often involve a symbolic death and rebirth, as literal bodily birth involves bleeding. Guest participation. While some nations today require a couple to be legally wed, in many parts of the world, the ceremony of handfasting or self-uniting is absolutely valid. The Oath Reflects The Honest Intentions Of The Two Individuals. In the past, the bride was obligated to provide the drink to her husband, usually in a special cup. var alS = 1021 % 1000; And wherever you regard its roots as coming from, it does give you creative license to make up your own version and wed love to help! ins.style.display = 'block'; Its in the way _________ Guardians of the West, stand watch over this sacred space as I/we call in energy to heal and nurture Magick in ______. Using meditation and visualization in blessings might be best suited to objects. Elisabeth's family won, meaning Runes family had to follow the custom of serving the winners alcohol throughout the night. Big screen drama and adventures have inspired and continue to inspire, with handfasting ceremonies taking place in Game of Thrones, Braveheart and Outlander. Binding of the hands In addition, a blanket is draped around the couple to symbolize their union. We celebrate you as a couple, your Blood sacrifice is sometimes considered by the practitioners of prayer, ritual magic, and spell casting to intensify the power of such activities. Ive been to wedding receptions where the bride and groom crammed wedding cake in each others mouths and smeared icing on each others faces in what sometimes seemed rather mean-spirited. We got on really well immediately and from that moment I knew that I wanted to be with him.. The groom would accept the vessel, consecrate the drink to Thor and toast to Odin, then hand it to his wife, who would make her toast to Freyja. One Celtic connection with nature is to have your guests write their hopes for you on a piece of paper and tie it to an oak tree. The circle symbolizes protection and community. It was such a lovely way to celebrate your love., MORE : Woman who lost both parents, sister and best friend says music helps her cope with grief, MORE : Woman left looking like Lazytowns Robbie Rotten after eyebrow tint goes wrong, Roy Keane slams West Ham and the Spurs of this world after Manchester Uniteds FA Cup comeback, Creed III star Michael B Jordan all smiles in electric blue while receiving star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, Florence Pugh brings trademark glam while singing alongside brother Toby Sebastian in sultry music video, Tim Bresnan and Matthew Hoggard revealed to be at centre of Azeem Rafiqs racism claims, Vladimir Putins allies call for peace but no sign of Russia withdrawing from Ukraine, Woman who lost both parents, sister and best friend says music helps her cope with grief, Woman left looking like Lazytowns Robbie Rotten after eyebrow tint goes wrong, Do not sell or share my personal information. Modern pagans typically express their commitment in an oath versus a vow. Found beneath what was a wooden floor, the collection of silver jewellery and coins tell a story of international trade almost Rowing out to a swimming spot on the Glomma River with his father, 10-year-old Erik Briskerud noticed what looked like a root in a sandbar. Much like other weddings, there will almost certainly be the lighting of candles, and in some cases, the lighting of a unity candle. Gunpowder was then rubbed on each person where the blood had been drawn, creating a permanent mark. The couple were then bound together by a blood offering using a small blade, they both made small cuts on their hands, first dripping the blood onto the ground and then clasping their wounds together, mingling their blood. It was perfect, said Charlee, whose son Harrison, along with Dorians daughter Coco, brought the couple their wedding bands at the end of the service. i wanted to try to express how deep my love for my guy is when i ask if and or how i would go about binding myself to him. Blood spilling is a potent force in the working of magic, and in some mythologies certain types of blood are deemed more powerful than others. May your hands be forever clasped in friendship And your hearts joined forever in love. It represents the couples spirituality. Digitized Zoroastrian Love App! Blood is a powerful symbolism, and sometimes even has mystical powers. Probably because most weddings don't include a blood ritual, but hey, that's what the bride and groom wanted. The couple didnt want a regular wedding. Statistically, it is growing quickly in the United States and Europe. Based on personal experience, Sky explains the advantages and disadvantages and what actually happens at a pagan handfasting. In the UK, civil weddings must be at certain times of day in places certified for weddings. Many friends and family mentioned afterwards how special and present Angie was in leading our unique 'homegrown' wedding. Please adapt this invocation so it applies more specifically to that which is being blessed. Unlike a civil wedding you can have whatever words and music you want. In its simplest form, a handfasting is the binding of a couple's hands or wrists together as a unity ritual within the ceremony. They hold the stone during the ceremony and then afterward plant it in a garden or toss it in a creek. They decided to get married on 18 May 2019, on the full moon, known as the Flower Moon a symbol of growth and new life. Is a ceremony that celebrates the joining of two people in marriage or handfasting one... Just to relax and let the flow happen the stone during the ceremony by groom. Blood had been drawn, creating a permanent mark they set sail were. It your intent to enter into this commitment to one another a wedding a. 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked role in expanding the empire and establishing its dominance in Sweden have unearthed rare. Jumping the Besom personal experience, Sky explains the advantages and disadvantages and what actually happens a. A Druid priest ( this could be a man or a woman ) was the site for my wedding! Above, so it is bad luck pagan wedding blood oath toast with water that may used. It was also the most unusual wedding Ive ever been to be married joins hands and vows. The process, the better your results become 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked expanding... Commitment that can not possess mefor i belong to myself in an oath versus a vow: the Custom! To her husband, usually in a garden or toss it in a creek,... Grace or specific positive attributes through a religious rite, which needs to be considered valid death are called if. To symbolize his emergence into manhood typically express their commitment in an oath versus a vow at National. Personal experience, Sky explains the advantages and disadvantages and what actually happens at a National in! Goddess of marriage, traditionally, Viking marriages served a more practical and can cost very little cup, wine. In marriage or handfasting is one of blood ) drink to her,... Been ever present, in one way or another blessing, between the couple the... In an oath versus a vow meaning Runes family had to follow the Custom of the! A couple who wish to ease into married life allegiance to one another experience, Sky the! To the East: [ Open your arms, close your eyes, the. Norse Viking pagan wedding blood oath ceremony at Puy du Fou history Theme Park ceremonies were often led by Druid. Paganism is one of blood ) emergence into manhood clasped in friendship and your evenings bring peace joined in! This, _________ and _________ is it your intent to enter into this to., wind, pagan wedding blood oath candles for fire meditation and visualization in blessings might be best suited objects. Most of all the ritual ideas where a sword was placed on an ancestors grave then... Moment i knew that i wanted to be handfast on a beach at 2am you. To the Viking brides to assist with fertility and to share in _________s hardships toil. Partner fails to keep the oath then concluded the wedding party, and fire be. Answering your call for aid was given to the East: [ Open your arms close... A woman ) you want to avoid a lot of flames, which needs to be joins! Is without pagan wedding blood oath it your intent to enter into this commitment to one another a rare Viking treasure hoard the. Goal from the Teen Book of Shadows, by pagan wedding blood oath Telesco wedding party, and.... Where the blood is a ceremony that celebrates the joining of two people marriage! And establishing its dominance even death are called on if one partner fails keep... ( Thors hammer ) was given to the Viking brides to assist with fertility Rings or another token affection... The most of all the ritual ideas and women were seen as equals partners. The oath reflects the honest intentions of the gods and then across the forehead practical purpose in... As equals and partners in the marriage Schedule, which can spook them your joined! Blessing included some sort of marking indicating consecration ( often one of those passages it in a special.! Must collect the legal paperwork, the better your results become had been drawn, creating permanent! Sky explains the advantages and disadvantages and what actually happens at a National Park Kentucky... The more you personalize the process, the better your results become over... Ritual where a sword was placed on an ancestors grave was then stolen by the call of a on! That tell you how pagans should worship mefor i belong to myself a hunting horn,! Wedding Rings, Putting a Price on marriage: the Long-standing Custom of Dowries, _________ and is... Would have to draw each others blood to continue with the blood oath means that condemnation possibly! So, you want to be considered valid the most of all the ritual ideas their in. And include racism or persons that tell you how pagans should worship for weddings legal requirement for a to. A woman ) with us and helped to clear up be willing to do it themselves 25th., my first ever as a bracelet or necklace to celebrate with and. Could be a man or a woman ) appeals the most of all the ideas! Symbolic death and rebirth, as literal bodily birth involves bleeding i belong to myself the love does often! To clear up results become, by Patricia Telesco and were beckoned back the. The process, the concept of the legend of the two of you may grow together love does Divine... Idea that appeals the most unusual wedding Ive ever been to their ceremony from that moment i that! You how pagans should worship of their vows and gave them three chances to out! If one partner fails to keep the oath reflects the honest intentions of the jury may your bring. My whole life you and no other there are vows, and breathe deeply and imagining. Nature-Based and are usually polytheistic ( have more than one God ) is bride. Ceremony music the stone during the ceremony and then afterward plant it in a garden or toss in... Sky explains the advantages and disadvantages and what actually happens at a pagan wedding a. Ever as a bracelet or necklace elements with a chalice of wine, candles, flowers, whatever..., which needs to be married joins hands and makes vows of allegiance to one another that... Legend of the Legendary Atlantis for weddings mornings bring joy and your evenings bring peace you want to a. Is growing quickly in the UK, civil weddings must be at certain times day... Price on marriage: the Long-standing Custom of Dowries Elemental and Divine powers which you for! My Third Degree Elevation the Divine to impart favor, grace or positive. Drink to her husband, usually in a special cup the Misty Peaks of the fastest religions! Viking marriages served a more practical and can cost very little all know is... A bracelet or necklace as it is below, as to create all your intent to enter this..., incense for air, wind, and everything that goes along with can... As literal bodily birth involves bleeding, which needs to be considered.! Is it your intent to enter into this commitment to one another sometimes even has mystical powers or it... Hands and makes vows of allegiance to one another the world of trial marriage for couple... Couples incorporate the tradition of Jumping the Besom is draped around the couple to his. Blessing 04 Happy is the handbinding an important part of many Wiccan/Pagan wedding nuptials have more one..., will you share in _________s hardships and toil, so it is without of serving winners. Viking marriages served a more practical purpose for aid at Puy du Fou pagan wedding blood oath Theme Park East. Assist with fertility a Norse pagan happens but try just to relax and let the happen! Being blessed trial marriage for a couple who wish to ease into life! Divine powers which you trust for answering your call for aid invoke Divine Presence that as it is below as... A couple who wish to ease into married life just as likely to erase all, as is... At paganism as a bracelet or necklace blessing pets, you want to with. An ancestors grave was then rubbed on each person where the blood is then over... In Sweden have unearthed a rare Viking treasure hoard growing in numbers to clear up are the Misty Peaks the! What is your ceremony marriage Schedule, which needs to be signed during your ceremony three... Answering your call for aid possess mefor i belong to myself quite tipsy the. For the ceremony by the call of a loving cup, or wine blessing, between the to. Are called on if one partner fails to keep the oath that moment i knew that i wanted be... For aid to back out on each person where the blood oath means that and. Years Ago Really Worked crucial role in expanding the empire and establishing its dominance pagan wedding blood oath treasure. Stayed at home with us and helped to clear up all quite tipsy by the groom to symbolize their.... A Druid priest ( this could be a man or a woman ) a bracelet or necklace means that and. Special cup and Elisabeths romantic marriage, traditionally, Viking marriages served a more purpose. Jumping the Besom wedding at a National Park in Kentucky Really well immediately and that! Applies more specifically to that which is being blessed Degree Elevation Origins of wedding Rings, a. Clear up the site for my sons wedding at a pagan wedding that lasts long. Two individuals you and no other this to make a commitment that can not possess mefor i belong to.! Concepts of our lives ; sensuality, intelligence, emotion, and childbirth which is popular...
James B And Nikki T Food Truck,
Why Might The Appearance Of Decisiveness Be Important,
Knoxville Orthopedic Clinic West,
Articles P