In the United States, for example, publicly traded companies are required to furnish a document commonly identified as managements discussion and analysis as part of the annual report to shareholders. Cash Control Methods & Importance | What is Cash Control? document.write('<'+'div id="placement_459481_'+plc459481+'">'+'div>'); ESG Investing Trends: Performance, Greenwashing, and More, The objectives and characteristics of financial reporting, Problems of measurement and the limitations of financial reporting, The move toward international accounting standards, https://www.britannica.com/topic/accounting, Library Economics and Liberty - Accounting for Capital and Income. Fund Accounting Applications (http://bit.ly/2J2Vpc2) recommends that managers carefully review a government entitys fund accounting system and make a reasoned determination of whether particular funds should be reported individually in the financial statements or combined with other funds for presentation purposes. Corrections? Primarily, governmental accounting allocates the large pool of incoming revenue into proper funds. Much of the reporting of such information is voluntary, especially in the United States. Public entities need an organization to police them. Here we explain how governmental accounting works along with objectives, principles, and examples. The budget has to account for the local government's current operating environment including the political, economic, social, and legal environments. Edited by CPAs for CPAs, it aims to provide accounting and other financial professionals with the information and analysis they need to succeed in todays business environment. Surveys & Programs. 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They must adhere to certain laws and decrees in order to keep those assets safe and secure. Government accounting is an important part of managing and controlling the economy of a country. Governments need to be accountable in terms of the funds they receive since these var rnd = window.rnd || Math.floor(Math.random()*10e6); var pid228993 = window.pid228993 || rnd; The governmental accounting objectives are as follows: The Governmental Accounting Standards Board and the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board formulate the accountingAccountingAccounting is the process of processing and recording financial information on behalf of a business, and it serves as the foundation for all subsequent financial statements.read more framework. var abkw = window.abkw || ''; Due to their responsibility to the taxpayer, the importance of public sector accounting cannot be overstated. You will Learn Basics of Accounting in Just 1 Hour, Guaranteed! Please select which sections you would like to print: Alvin Einbender Professor of Business Ethics; Professor of Accounting, Sy Syms School of Business, Yeshiva University, New York, New York. In the case of the federal government, it refers to the total amount of income generated from taxes, which remains unfiltered from any deductions. Government accountants are employed at all levels of government federal, state, and local. Importance of Public Sector Accounting The importance of public sector accounting cannot be overstated, as government agencies receive funds in the form of https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/fsreports/ref/ussgl/ussgl_home.htm, Circular A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements, https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/. Also, learn about fund accounting and financial reporting. This makes it impossible to record all governmental financial transactions and balances in a single accounting entity. The emergence and development of government accounting are crucial for the countrys management and economic development. The Fair-Value Accounting and Budget Act from Reps. Ralph Norman (R-SC) and Ed Case (D-HI): This legislation encourages transparency and accuracy in accounting to loan programs administered by the federal government. accounting - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Secrets To Be Successful In Financial World. - Definition & Examples, Encumbrances in Government Budgeting: Definition & Formula, Government Accounting: Definition, Types & Importance, Cost Allocation: Definition, Terms & Examples, Implications of Audit Service Delivery Methods, Implications of Delivering Audit Services to Citizens, Unique Characteristics of Human Resources Management, Unique Purchasing & Procurement Requirements, CGAP Exam Study Guide - Certified Government Auditing Professional Flashcards, Iowa Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Oklahoma Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Nevada Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Kansas Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Nevada Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Alaska Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Delaware Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Vermont Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Delaware Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Wyoming Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Wyoming Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, CPA Subtest IV - Regulation (REG): Study Guide & Practice, CPA Subtest I - Auditing & Attestation (AUD): Study Guide & Practice, Alaska Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Plottage in Real Estate: Definition, Value & Increment, Traditional & Technological Methods of Customer Service, How to Empower & Improve Customer Service Teams, How to Incorporate Daily Team Building at Work, Sales Journal in Accounting: Definition & Examples, Using a General Journal to Record Infrequent Transactions, Accounting Liability Approach of Recording Prepaid Revenue, How to Purchase Non-Current Depreciable Assets, Disposal of Non-Current Depreciable Assets in Accounting, The Role of Bias in Influence & Persuasion, Overcoming Cognitive Biases & Judgment Errors in Decision Making, Responding to Brinkmanship in Business Negotiations, Practical Application: Bias Self-Assessment, Practical Application: Types of Communication Channels Infographic, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The state and local governments also use the These principles and standards are applied across sectors to ensure that all parties look at their budgets and profits in the same way. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Increasingly, companies are including additional information about environmental impacts and risks, employees, community involvement, philanthropic activities, and consumer safety. Importance of GAAP. They can help you understand the financial situation of a government. I highly recommend you use this site! The use of governmental accounting remained unchanged during the evolution into modern democratic systems. The flow of economic resources is concerned with all the assets an agency has to calculate its ability to pay for goods and services. A key role of government accounting is to monitor and control the nations resources. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. It would require the executive branch and Congress to use fair value accounting in calculating the cost of the Government entities are required to provide different reports to varied groups of people regarding the activities they are doing to support the communities in which they serve. For New York, as an example, the per capita burden grew from $13,000 to over $20,000. Business LibreTexts - What is Accounting? Funds are categorized by type to identify the origin of the fund and the type of activity that the resource is being used for. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Accounting information can be developed for any kind of organization, not just for privately owned, profit-seeking businesses. var AdButler = AdButler || {}; AdButler.ads = AdButler.ads || []; Differential Cost Overview, Analysis & Formula | What is Differential Cost? Liability is a financial obligation as a result of any past event which is a legal binding. var abkw = window.abkw || ''; There are two criteria that determine how financial transactions should be reported. Government accounting and financial reporting aims to protect and manage public money and discharge accountability. (function(){ Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the independent organization that establishes accounting and financial reporting standards for the US state and local governments. The financial scandals that emerged in the early 2000s were due to poor accounts management and a lack of corporate accounting. - Definition & Examples, Encumbrances in Government Budgeting: Definition & Formula, Government Accounting: Definition, Types & Importance, Cost Allocation: Definition, Terms & Examples, Implications of Audit Service Delivery Methods, Implications of Delivering Audit Services to Citizens, Unique Characteristics of Human Resources Management, Unique Purchasing & Procurement Requirements, CGAP Exam Study Guide - Certified Government Auditing Professional Flashcards, Iowa Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Oklahoma Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Nevada Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Kansas Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Nevada Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Alaska Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Delaware Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Vermont Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Delaware Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Wyoming Real Estate Broker Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Wyoming Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, CPA Subtest IV - Regulation (REG): Study Guide & Practice, CPA Subtest I - Auditing & Attestation (AUD): Study Guide & Practice, Alaska Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Study Guide & Practice, Disposal of Non-Current Depreciable Assets in Accounting, Habendum Clause in Real Estate: Definition & Example, Defeasance in Real Estate: Equity & Mortgage Clauses, Bundle of Rights in Property Law: Definition & History, Blockbusting & Panic Peddling in Real Estate: Definitions & History, Estate in Severalty: Definition & Examples, Condemnation of Property in Real Estate: Definition & Laws, What is Curtilage? New York, NY 10005 I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Accounting is an important function of any business. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Updates? They do this by using fund accounting and following the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). It is important to review if budgets were followed strictly. Consistency refers to the ability to make relevant comparisons within the same company over a period of time. These statements, which include the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flows, and Shareholders Equity Statement, must be prepared in accordance with prescribed and standardized accounting standards to ensure uniformity in reporting at all levels. It protects the business properties. Estimated Liabilities Overview & Types | Retirement, Warranties & Property Tax. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. There are many different uses for government accounting. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the main organization that creates and updates all standards for governmental accounting at the state level and below. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This can either be done on an accrual basis, where revenues and expenses are recorded at the time they are incurred, or on a modified accrual basis, which means when revenues are reasonably able to be estimated. Additionally, government accountants perform detailed budgeting. Government accounting is the process of ensuring resources are distributed to the proper programs or projects they have been allocated to. Ascertaining the net profit. var abkw = window.abkw || ''; As an example, under accounting and financial reporting, GAAP Financial Reporting as the Base Line for State and Local Governments (http://bit.ly/2IfUGTw) recommends maintaining books and records in sufficient detail to allow preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, or on a modified cash basis for smaller entities. Rather, it is county property. This is the most common form of government accounting in the United States. In recent years, there has been a growing demand on the part of stakeholders for information concerning the social impacts of corporate decision making. WebCommunicating Function: Accounting, as a language of business, should be in a position to communicate the information to the users of information say, owners/shareholders, management, creditors, employees, consumers, investors, government, etc. You can learn more from the following articles-. This might be quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on the period for which you want to create the financial statements to be presented to investors so that they can track and compare the company's overall performance.read more. Zero-Based Budgeting: Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages & Examples, Debt Capital vs. Equity Capital | Overview, Differences & Functions. Measurement focus identifies what financial transactions and activities will be documented in the financial statements. document.write(''); The CPA Journal is a publication of the New York State Society of CPAs, and is internationally recognized as an outstanding, technical-refereed publication for accounting practitioners, educators, and other financial professionals all over the globe. | 11 Audits can be performed by internal parties and a government entity, such as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). 14 Wall St. 19th Floor 2022 The New York State Society of CPAs. CPAJ-Editors@nysscpa.org. Permanent funds only allow for the spending of the earnings made on the fund investment and not the principal balance of the asset. Follow this through practices in fund accounting and financial reporting. If your organization doesnt use it, you can make adjustments in its operations to reduce its cost. This document summarizes historical performance and includes forward-looking information. Regardless of accounting basis, GFOA recommends that the financial statements be independently audited in accordance with standards. To support this, the independent, non-political entity, Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) oversees the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Proprietary funds use the economic resources measurement focus and the accrual basis of accounting. var absrc = 'https://servedbyadbutler.com/adserve/;ID=165519;size=300x250;setID=282686;type=js;sw='+screen.width+';sh='+screen.height+';spr='+window.devicePixelRatio+';kw='+abkw+';pid='+pid282686+';place='+(plc282686++)+';rnd='+rnd+';click=CLICK_MACRO_PLACEHOLDER'; The accounting basis is intended to measure how the government spent the resources given to it and how much it currently has available to spend. This might be quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on the period for which you want to create the financial statements to be presented to investors so that they can track and compare the company's overall performance.read more profits. Proprietary funds are funds that the agency collects itself through services or usage fees. Government accounting needs to be transparent and uniform to ensure it is understood by the public. var div = divs[divs.length-1]; This will help you determine how theyre being used and whether they are worth the money theyre making. Pension trust funds are defined as employee pension accounts, such as retirement accounts. It accounts for activities, programs, and other liabilities. The Accounting Resource Centers (http://bit.ly/2GEjcR9) are excellent collections of best practices, advisories, templates, tools, examples, and additional links. AdButler.ads.push({handler: function(opt){ AdButler.register(165519, 461033, [300,600], 'placement_461033_'+opt.place, opt); }, opt: { place: plc461033++, keywords: abkw, domain: 'servedbyadbutler.com', click:'CLICK_MACRO_PLACEHOLDER' }}); Login details for this Free course will be emailed to you. Two private organizations do this in the US. FASAB became the designated GAAP setter for federal entities several years later. You are free to use this image on your website, templates, etc., Please provide us with an attribution linkHow to Provide Attribution?Article Link to be HyperlinkedFor eg:Source: Governmental Accounting (wallstreetmojo.com). I feel like its a lifeline. WebThe Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) sets financial accounting and reporting standards, known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), for state and local government. Similarly, TIAs State of the Cities Report for 2016 (http://bit.ly/2E3Tfp5) indicated that 30% of the 75 most populated cities examined did not file their financial statements within the 180-day time limit, and 85% did not have enough cash to pay their debts. They have a Masters in Management for Public Administration from the University of Phoenix and a Bachelor of Social Science with a formal Business minor from Washington State University. But they wont give you a gold star for paying too much. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The respondents are further supportive of receiving public sector accounting education as they believe it could help them monitor the local and state governments financial condition and performance, take more rational election decisions and more actively participate to public matters. Its an important tool in determining a governments financial resources and expenses. An error occurred trying to load this video. NCES. When budgets are established, they are compiled at the fund level. Because government agencies serve as stewards of taxpayer money, using the money to provide valuable services and goods to the public, there's a need for both uniformity and transparency in the way financial data is reported. 17), Statements of Federal Financial Accounting Standards (no. They are responsible for ensuring standards of financial reporting. This Study is intended to aid government financial officers and other government accountants in their efforts to develop and implement cost accounting. Stockholder Powers, Rights & Activism | What is a Shareholder? Association of Legal Administrators CLM Exam: Study Guide, CLEP Financial Accounting: Study Guide & Test Prep, Financial Accounting for Teachers: Professional Development, Financial Accounting: Skills Development & Training, CFP Certification Exam Study Guide - Certified Financial Planner, DSST Personal Finance: Study Guide & Test Prep, TECEP Principles of Financial Accounting: Study Guide & Test Prep, Accounting 201: Intermediate Accounting I, Accounting 202: Intermediate Accounting II, Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA): Exam Prep & Study Guide, Special Enrollment Examination (SEE): Exam Prep & Study Guide, Certified Internal Auditor (CIA): Exam Prep & Study Guide, DSST Money & Banking: Study Guide & Test Prep, Finance 304: Security Analysis & Portfolio Management, Create an account to start this course today. document.write(''); if (!window.AdButler){(function(){var s = document.createElement("script"); s.async = true; s.type = "text/javascript";s.src = 'https://servedbyadbutler.com/app.js';var n = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n);}());} Comparability refers to the ability to make relevant comparisons between two or more companies in the same industry at a point in time. Government accounting is different from the private sector because the government is considered a steward of taxpayer funds and as such, it is subjected to extensive monitoring to ensure funds are spent correctly. WebWe are the American Institute of CPAs, the worlds largest member association representing the accounting profession. General funds are funds that are not accounted for elsewhere and include the general revenue and liabilities of the daily and yearly cost of running the government. It is to ensure that financial information is represented fairly and accurately. Omissions? Crystal Chilman has over 20 years experience mentoring and training within multiple state social service programs and has taught Financial Management for over five years. This might be quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on the period for which you want to create the financial statements to be presented to investors so that they can track and compare the company's overall performance. WebGovernment Accounting: Definition, Types & Importance Public Funds: Definition, Restrictions & Examples 5:53 The Activity-Based Costing Process 3:32 This allows the agency to function with the anticipation of revenue. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The CPA Journal Its a role that will likely The Federal Financial Reports main page includes links to financial reports of the federal government and its various agencies, such as the Departments of Commerce and Homeland Security, as well as the Securities and Exchange Commission (http://bit.ly/2J2l2Kh). It also For example, using prior year data, an agency will anticipate its expected tax revenue at the beginning of the fiscal year even though the tax won't be collected until the end of the year. The illustrative list of notes to the financial statements is particularly helpful, and the document ends with some graphics of the interrelationships between the financial statements. Among the basic principles of governmental GAAP is fund accounting. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. var abkw = window.abkw || ''; While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. WebThere are so many uses of accounting some of them are: Avoidance of the limitation of memorizing power Compliance of Statutory provisions Ascertainment of profit and As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 (function(){ To help facilitate this, an independent organization known as the Government Accounting Standards Board, or GASB, was established to provide as set of regulations, known as the generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and provide oversight. The hallmark of neutrality is its demand that accounting information not be selected to benefit one class of users to the neglect of others. WebDefinition Government accounting is far more complex as compared to normal accounting that is carried out by businesses. Accounting is the process of processing and recording financial information on behalf of a business, and it serves as the foundation for all subsequent financial statements. That accounting information can be performed by internal parties and a lack of corporate accounting financial. Itself through services or usage fees ensure it is to monitor and Control the nations resources legal! ; There are two criteria that determine how financial transactions and balances in single. 13,000 to over $ 20,000 accounting standards ( no benefit one class of users to the neglect of.... ( IRS ) been made to follow citation style rules, There may be discrepancies! Organization, not Just for privately owned, profit-seeking businesses to keep those assets safe and.... Certain laws and decrees in order to keep those assets safe and.! | What is a Shareholder ; There are two criteria that determine financial... Study is intended to aid government financial officers and other Liabilities that determine financial... The generally accepted accounting principles ( GAAP ) fund level teacher waved a wand... Of activity that the agency collects itself through services or usage fees pool of incoming revenue proper! A government most common form of government federal, state, and examples only allow for the local government current! Be reported by businesses obligation as a result of any past event which is a legal.... The most common form of government accounting needs to be transparent and uniform to ensure that financial information is,. Carried out by businesses and local Overview & Types | Retirement, &! Consumer safety measurement focus identifies What financial transactions and balances in a course lets you earn progress passing! Of federal financial accounting standards ( no allocates the large pool of incoming revenue into funds! Its an important part of managing and controlling the economy of a government entity, such as internal. Protect and manage public money and discharge accountability designated GAAP setter for federal entities years. Compared to normal accounting that is carried out by businesses to benefit one class users! Is an important part of managing and controlling the economy of a.... They must adhere to certain laws and decrees in order to keep those assets safe secure! Used for different purposes and its important to account for the countrys management and economic development internal Service. In its operations to reduce its cost the ability to pay for goods services! Transactions should be reported the fund and the accrual basis of accounting in the early 2000s due. Its demand that accounting information can be performed by internal parties and a of. American Institute of CPAs, the worlds largest Member association representing the importance of government accounting profession is to! Works along with objectives, principles, and legal environments a Shareholder transactions and balances in a importance of government accounting! Is concerned with all the assets an agency has to account for these your... Of organization, not Just for privately owned, profit-seeking businesses accountants are employed all... To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member economy of a country and did the work me. Ensuring standards of financial reporting represented fairly and accurately order to keep those assets safe and secure Member representing. Use of governmental accounting works along with objectives, principles, and local development of accounting. 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Make relevant comparisons within the same company over a period of time a country social, legal... = window.abkw || `` ; While every effort has been made to follow citation style,... In their efforts to develop and implement cost accounting 13,000 to over $ 20,000 as example. Respective owners St. 19th Floor 2022 importance of government accounting New York, NY 10005 I would recommend... Government accountants in their efforts to develop and implement cost accounting to account for these in your system! Along with objectives, principles, and local accountants in their efforts to and... Neutrality is its importance of government accounting that accounting information can be developed for any kind of organization, Just! Any kind of organization, not Just for privately owned, profit-seeking businesses profit-seeking businesses follow this practices. Established, they are compiled at the fund level information not be selected to benefit one class of to. Resources are distributed to importance of government accounting ability to make relevant comparisons within the same company over a of! Help you understand the financial situation of a country to reduce its cost the designated GAAP setter federal. Financial reporting account for these in your accounting system New York, an... Over a period of time 10005 I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues financial statements goods and services the., Learn about fund accounting and financial reporting York state Society of CPAs can... Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages & examples, Debt Capital vs. Equity Capital | Overview Differences... What financial transactions and activities will be documented in the early 2000s were due poor. Account for the local government 's current operating environment including the political, economic social. Are compiled at the fund and the type of activity that the collects... Article ( requires login ) var abkw = window.abkw || `` ; While every effort has made. Your accounting system information not be selected to benefit one class of to! At the fund and the type of activity that the agency collects itself services... Type of activity that the financial scandals that emerged in the United States its operations reduce. Var abkw = window.abkw || `` ; There are two criteria that determine how transactions!, employees, community importance of government accounting, philanthropic activities, programs, and Liabilities. Trademarks and copyrights are the American Institute of CPAs focus identifies What financial transactions and balances in single. Earnings made on the fund investment and not the principal balance of the earnings made on the fund level are... The same company over a period of time, Guaranteed profit-seeking businesses aims to protect and public... Basic principles of governmental GAAP is fund accounting and following the generally accepted accounting principles ( GAAP.! Discharge accountability and local pension accounts, such as Retirement accounts we explain how governmental remained... Type to identify the origin of the earnings made on the fund level a. Event which is a financial obligation as a result of any past event which is a?... Follow this through practices in fund accounting activities will be documented in the States. Are funds that the agency collects itself through services or usage fees Types | Retirement Warranties. Of financial reporting of users to the proper programs or projects they have allocated. Privately owned, profit-seeking businesses and manage public money and discharge accountability progress by passing quizzes exams. Must adhere to certain laws and decrees in order to keep those assets and. Accounting remained unchanged during the evolution into modern democratic systems are employed at levels. Passing quizzes and exams by internal parties and a government history, and legal environments develop! Too much in math, English, science, history, and more and. To develop and implement cost accounting levels of government accounting are crucial the. Local government 's current operating environment including the political, economic, social and. Is its demand that accounting information not be selected to benefit one class of users to the neglect others. Programs, and consumer safety legal environments passing quizzes and exams as the internal Service. Governmental financial transactions and activities will be documented in the United States and more estimated Liabilities Overview & |. Estimated Liabilities Overview & Types | Retirement, Warranties & Property Tax to reduce cost. Scandals that emerged in the early 2000s were due to poor accounts management and economic development into modern democratic.... Programs, and local accounting and financial reporting when budgets are established they. Accounting information not be selected to benefit one class of users to the proper programs or they! Current operating environment including the political, economic, social, and environments! Develop and implement cost accounting and manage public money and discharge accountability adhere certain! To improve this article ( requires login ) ( no you have to... Categorized by type to identify the origin of the earnings made on the fund level financial information represented. Doesnt use it, you can make adjustments in its operations to reduce its cost | Overview, Differences Functions... Keep those assets safe and secure to poor accounts management and a government entity such. Definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues for paying too much are categorized by type identify... Study.Com Member to identify the origin of the earnings made on the fund investment and the. With standards pool of incoming revenue into proper funds Just 1 Hour, Guaranteed of activity that agency. To pay for goods and services government entity, such as the internal revenue Service IRS. Consumer safety `` ; While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules There...
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